A pH meter is an instrument which measures the hydrogen-ion activity in water-based solutions, indicating its acidity or alkalinity and is expressed as pH. The device measures the difference in electric potential between a pH electrode and a reference electrode and this difference relates to the acidity or pH of the solution.
pH meter is of many types and they range from simple or inexpensive pen-like devices to complex and expensive laboratory instruments with computer interfaces. Specialized forms are available for use in special applications such as harsh environments or the biological microenvironment.
Applications:
Chemical laboratory analysis and quality control is the most important application. pH meters are used for soil measurements in agriculture, determining water quality, brewing of wine, manufacturing, and healthcare or clinical applications including IVF units.
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